The Diet of Worms on This Day in History

 

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This day in history: The Diet of Worms began on this day in 1521. The Diet [pronounced Dee-it] of Worms of 1521 was an imperial diet (a formal deliberative assembly) of the Holy Roman Empire called by Emperor Charles V and conducted in the Imperial Free City of Worms. Martin Luther was summoned to the Diet in order to renounce or reaffirm his views in response to a Papal bull of Pope Leo X. In answer to questioning, he defended these views and refused to recant them. 

In June of the previous year, 1520, Pope Leo X issued the Papal bull Exsurge Domine ("Arise, O Lord"), outlining forty-one purported errors found in Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses and other writings related to or written by him. Luther was summoned by the emperor. Prince Frederick III, Elector of Saxony obtained an agreement that if Luther appeared he would be promised safe passage to and from the meeting. This guarantee was essential after the treatment of Jan Hus, who was tried and executed at the Council of Constance in 1415 despite a promise of safe conduct.

"A great Diet of the empire was convened at Worms, and thither Luther was summoned by the temporal power. He had a safe-conduct, which even so powerful a prince as Charles V. durst not violate. In April, 1521, the reformer appeared before the collected dignitaries of the German empire, both spiritual and temporal, and was called upon to recant his opinions as heretical in the eyes of the church, and dangerous to the peace of the empire. Before the most august assembly in the world, without a trace of embarrassment, he made his defence, and refused to recant. 'Unless,' said he, 'my errors can be demonstrated by texts from Scripture, I will not and cannot recant; for it is not safe for a man to go against his conscience. Here I am. I can do no otherwise. God help me! Amen.'

This declaration satisfied his friends, though it did not satisfy the members of the diet. Luther was permitted to retire. He had gained the confidence of the nation. From that time, he was its idol, and the acknowledged leader of the greatest insurrection of human intelligence which modern times have seen. The great principles of the reformation were declared. The great hero of the Beformution had planted his cause upon a rock. And yet his labors had but just commenced. Henceforth, his life was toil and vexation. New difficulties continually arose.

New questions had to be continually settled. Luther, by his letters, was every where. He commenced the translation of the Scriptures; he wrote endless controversial tracts; his correspondence was unparalleled; his efforts as a preacher were prodigious. But he was equal to it all; was wonderfully adapted to his age and circumstances."~John Lord

"Having received a twenty-one-day safe-conduct Luther set out for Wittenberg on April 26. The diet closed officially on May 25, and the next day, following a rump session of prejudiced nobles, the emperor signed the Edict of Worms. According to it, Luther was the devil himself in a monk’s habit. He was to be seized on sight and turned over to the emperor—an outlaw of the church and the state."~Carl Koppenhaver

At the end of the Diet, the Emperor issued the Edict of Worms, a decree which condemned Luther as "a notorious heretic" and banned citizens of the Empire from propagating his ideas.

The Edict decreed:

"For this reason we forbid anyone from this time forward to dare, either by words or by deeds, to receive, defend, sustain, or favor the said Martin Luther. On the contrary, we want him to be apprehended and punished as a notorious heretic, as he deserves, to be brought personally before us, or to be securely guarded until those who have captured him inform us, whereupon we will order the appropriate manner of proceeding against the said Luther. Those who will help in his capture will be rewarded generously for their good work."

The 1522 and 1524 Diets of Nuremberg attempted to execute the judgement of the Edict of Worms against Luther, but they failed.

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Martin Luther (and his Potty Mouth) on This Day in History

 

This Day in History: Martin Luther became a doctor of theology on this day in 1512. Martin Luther was an important figure in world history as he ushered in the Protestant Reformation by railing against the sale of indulgences and other practices of the Catholic Church in his famous Ninety-Five Theses. At the same time, Luther was a foul-mouthed tyrannical racist drunk, and more so as he got older.

“If we wish to find a scapegoat on whose shoulders we may lay the miseries which Germany has brought upon the world—not, perhaps a very scientific way of writing history—I am more and more convinced that the worst evil genius of that country is not Hitler or Bismarck or Frederick the Great, but Martin Luther.” ~Dean Inge

According to Luther, some of the Pope's teachings were "farts out of his stinking belly.” He could describe certain Roman Catholic institutions and practices with which he heartily disagreed as "an illusion and an evil odour, stinking worse than the devil’s excrement.” 

"I resist the devil, and often it is with a fart that I chase him away.”

Just before he died, Luther told his wife, “I’m like a ripe stool, and the world’s like a gigantic anus, and so we’re about to let go of each other.” 

The English Catholic, Thomas More (1478-1535) was not amused and called Luther a “buffoon . . . [who will] carry nothing in his mouth other than cesspools, sewers, latrines, poop and dung . . . .” except he didn't use the word POOP.

Other Germans of old were known to use profanity as well, men such as Mozart and Gutenberg. A study was done that showed that in 371 of Luther's letters, 39% had some sort of scatological (poopy) reference, including buttocks or defecation (45 letters), poop [except, again, he didn't use the word POOP] (21) and arse (19), among others.

"From a standpoint of morality, Luther's teachings and practical advice and example in conversation were infinitely below the moral standard hitherto held by the very Church he reviled and constantly below even the standard now generally accepted by the Protestants themselves. His claims, therefore, to 'reforming' the Church are pathetically weak. Instead of teaching a purer morality, he taught a lower. There is nothing in his teaching, by either pen or word of mouth, that is calculated to increase the love of purity, or of even conjugal fidelity, which in the Catholic Church has developed the fairest blossoms of maidenly chastity and conjugal love. A man or woman who is sexually weak will look to him in vain for advice wherewith to increase his or her strength in resisting the great passion -- rather they will find in his word the opposite. This is no time to mince words. Therefore, I say deliberately that from his own words Martin Luther must be held responsible for bringing into the world the lowest standard of morality ever advocated by a leader amongst Christians - so low that I defy a Protestant to read him, though I would advice no Protestant woman to do so if she be not ready to read with moral safety. Both will feel considerably befouled by the reading." From The Facts About Luther

See also - German Hercules: The Impact of Scatology on the Image of Martin Luther as a Man, 1483-1546

See also: Martin Luther - Hitler's Spiritual Ancestor by Peter F. Wiener

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Contents (created on a Windows computer):

Die Heilige Schrift des alten Testaments in Verbindung mit Professor Prof. Guthe in Leipzig, Prof. Kamphausen, Professor Kittel Prof. etc
1894 (German)

Martin Luther's Bible (German)

El nuevo testamento de nuestro señor y Salvador Jesu Cristo by Cipriano de Valera - 1906 - 400 pages (Spanish)

La Sainte Bible by Louis Segond - 1898 - about 1000 pages (French)

French Darby Translation Bible (searchable pdf)

Statenvertaling Dutch Bible (searchable pdf)

William Tyndale's Five Books of Moses, Called the Pentateuch by William Tyndale, Jacob Isidor Mombert -1884 - 635 pages (English)

The Book of Wisdom: The Greek Text, the Latin Vulgate, and the Authorised Version
by William John Deane - 1881 - 220 pages

La Sacra Bibbia: ossia l'Antico e il Nuovo Testamento By Giovanni Diodati 1877 950 pages (Italian)
 
Bibelen, eller den Hellige Skrift: indeholdende det Gamle og Nye Testamentes - 1907 - 1200 pages (Danish)

La Sainte Bible traduction De M. De Genoude - Nouvelle Edition, Publiee Sous Les Auspices du Crege de France et Derigee par les Soins De M. L'abbe Juste
1838 (French)

A Biblia Sagrada. contendo o Velho e o Novo Testamento
by João Ferreira d' Almeida - 1914 (Portuguese)

Biblia lacinsko-polska: czyli, Pismo Swiete Starego i Nowego testamentu
by Jakub Wujek, Jacobus Giacomo Menochius, S. Kozlowski - 1907
Latin and Polish in parallel columns.
 
Szent Biblia: azaz Istennek Ó és Új Testamentomában foglaltott egész Szent írás
by Gáspár Károlyi - 1908 (Hungarian)

The Finnish Bible 1918

Amharic (Ethiopia) New Testament 1886 Johann Ludwig Krapf, Abu-Rumi

De apokryfiske Bøger 1922 (Norwegian)

Czech Bible 1918

Armenian Bible 1917

Romansch Bible (a national language of Switzerland) 1870

Slavic/Bulgarian New Testament (Slaveikoff and Michaeloffski) 1867

Biblia to jest Ksiegi starego i Nowego Testamentu: z acinskiego na Jezyk Polski przeozone 1923 (Polish)

The Holy Bible in Bengali 1909

Le Nouveau Testament de Notre Seigneur Jésus-Christ - Nersion Synodal (French) 1922

Icelandic New Testament and Psalms 1866

New Testament in Hindustani 1860

Romanian Bible 1921 (Ghenadie, Nitzulescu)

Franz Delitzsche Hebrew New Testament

La Biblia (spanish) from the Latin Vulgate - San Miguel, Phelipe 1869

Latin Vulgate New Testament with the English Douay Version in Parallel Columns 1872

Sanskrit Bible Volume 1 (Wenger/Yates) 1848

Sanskrit Bible Volume 2 (Wenger/Yates) 1848

Sanskrit Bible Volume 3 (Wenger/Yates) 1848

Sanskrit Bible Volume 4 (Wenger/Yates) 1872

Baluchi - Punjab (Iranian) Gospel of Matthew 1884

The New Testament in Hebrew 1817

Four Gospels and Acts in Hindi 1842

Malay/Mongolian New Testament (Stallybrass/Swan) 1880

Gamla Testamentet de Apokryfiska Böckerna (Swedish) 1916

The Four Gospels and Acts in Albanian 1872

Yiddish New Testament by Mortkhe Shmuel Bergmann 1912

Gospel of Mark - Lithuanian and English

Gospel of Luke - Lithuanian and English 1914

Mongolian New Testament 1846 (Stallybrass/Swan)

Szent Biblia - Hungarian Bible, Károlyi Revised

Danish/English New Testament 1873

The First Germanic (Gothic) Bible 1891

Leabhraichean an t-Seann Tiomnaidh - air an tarruing o'n cheud chain chum Gaelig Albannaich - agus air an cur a mach le h-ughdarras ard-sheanaidh eaglais na h-Alba

GAELIC BIBLE

The Gospel according to Matthew in English and Cantonese 1910

Documents relating to the proposed new Chinese translation of the Holy Scriptures 1836

Holy Bible in Persian by the Unwim Brothers 1920

Gospels and Acts in English and Mandarin 1899

The New Testament in English and Mandarin 1902

Gensis and Exodus in Tibetan 1905 by TD Schreve

The New Testament by Bible Societies Committee for Japan (though it does not look Japanese to me)1869

New Testament of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ in Ainu 1897

The Old Testament in Ilocano (uses Jehova as the Divine Name) 1919

The Earliest Translation of the Old Testament into the Basque Language by Pierre d'Urte 1894

Tiomnadh Nuadh ar Tighearna agus ar Slanuighir Iosa Criosd : eadar-theangaichte o'n ghreugais chum Gaelic albannaich

Yn Vible Casherick - ny yn Chenn Chonaant, as yn Conaant Noa : veih ny chied ghlaraghyn; dy kiaralagh chyndait ayns gailk : ta shen dy ghra, chengey ny mayrey Ellan Vannin. Pointit dy ve lhaiht ayns kialteenyn (1819)

MANX

Histor an Testamant Coz hag an Testamant Nevez (1886)

BRETON

Breton is descended from the Brythonic branch of Insular Celtic languages brought by Romano-British and other Brythons to Armorica, perhaps from the end of the 3rd century onwards. The modern-day language most closely related to Breton is Cornish which are mutually comprenhensible, followed by Welsh. (The other regional language of Brittany, Gallo, is a Langue d'oïl derived from Latin.)

Conaant Noa nyn Jiarn as Saualtagh Yeesey Creest: veih ny chied ghlaraghyn, dy kiaralagh chyndait ayns Gailck - William Walker 1815

Testament Newydd: ein harglwydd a'n hiachawdwr Iesu Grist (1879)

welsh

Llaw-lyfr y Beibl, cyfieithiedig gan J.R. Morgan (1860) Author: Joseph Angus

Hanesion y Beibl - yn cynnwys, tri chant o ddygwyddiadau hynod yn hanesyddiaeth y Beibl - gydag agos i 300 O ddarluniau / wedi eu gyfaddasu i'r cymry gan Thomas Levi (1860) Welsh

Thi Nu Testament ov owr Lord and Savyur Jizus Crist Acording to thi Othurizd Vurshun 1846 (Phonetic Bible - Phonotypic)

Greek Testament 1882 (Readings adopted by the Revisers of the Authorized Version)

A 14th English Biblical Version - Parts of the New Testament 1902 by Anna Paues (Middle English)

The Four Gospels in Mpongwe (African) 1879

Cherokee New Testament - CC torrey 1860

The New Testament, Translated into the Cree Language by John Horden 1876

The Gospel according to Matthew in Cree by James Hunter 1877

The Book of Psalms in Cree by James Hunter 1876

The Gospel of St. Luke translated into the Slavé language for Indians of North-West America 1890

The Gospel of St. Matthew translated into the Slave language for the Indians of North-West America 1886

The Gospel of St. Mark translated into the Slave language, for Indians of North-west America 1886

The Gospel of St. John translated into the Slavé language for Indians of North-West America 1890

The Holy Gospels in Mohawk 1880

Four Gospels, Acts, Genesis, and Exodus Chapters 19 & 20 - Winnebago (Siouan) 1907

The Gospels, translated from the King James Version into Iroquois 1880

Mozes bi naltsos alsedihigi odesziz holychigi inda yistainilli ba Hani Mark naltsos ye yiki-iscinigi. Tohatcidi enisoti dine bizadkyehgo ayila (Navajo Book of Moses - retains the name JEHOVAH for God 1912)

The Bible in the Life of the Indians of the United States 1916 by Thomas Moffett

The Four Gospels in the Seneca Language (a few pages missing) 1878

On Some Mistaken Notions of Algonkin Grammar and on Mistranslations of Works from Eliot's Bible

Dakota New Testament by S. Riggs 1871

Psalter in Dakota 1878 (some pages difficult or impossible to read)

The Gospel of Luke in Arapahoe -John Roberts 1903

Choctaw New Testament 1857 (text sometimes difficult to read)

Joshua, Judges and Ruth in Choctaw by Alfred Wright 1913 (the divine name used is "Chihowah" even sometimes in the New Testament above)

Psalms in Choctaw 1913

The Gospel of Matthew in Blackfoot by JW Tims 1890

Chippewa New Testament (divine name rendered as Manito) 1833

Gospel according to John - Creek by HF Buckner 1860

"In my translation of John I have transfered the Hebraic name Jehovah for the name of the Supreme Being, instead of adopting the Creek word Hesakitvmise."

Luke's Gospel in Inuktitut

Inuit New Testament 1876

Esquimaux (Eskimo) Gospels 1813 (several pages unreadable)

Matthew, and the Acts in Algonquian/PUTAWATOMIE 1844 by Johnston Lykins

The Acts of the Apostles in Chipewyan (Ojibwe Ojibwa, Ojibway) by John Horden 1900

The Ten commandments and the Lord's prayer in Maliseet (incomplete) 1863 by ST Rand.

The Book of Acts in Micmac by ST Rand 1863

Psalms in Micmac (Mikmak) by ST Rand 1859

The Bible of Every Land. A History of the Sacred Scriptures in every Language and Dialect into which translations have been made by Samuel Bagster & Sons 1860

Chinook Methodist Hymnbook with 10 Commandments and Lords Prayer by Thomas Crosby 1898