Granville Sharp and his "Rule" on This Day in History

 

Today in History: English abolitionist Granville Sharp was born on this day in 1735. However, Granville Sharp is better known in Biblical, Theological and Christological circles for a peculiar rule he discovered in the Greek text of the Bible that he believes can prove the deity of Christ. He wrote: "When the copulative kai connects two nouns of the same case, if the article ho, or any of its cases, precedes the first of the said nouns or participles, and is not repeated before the second noun or participle, the latter always relates to the same person that is expressed or described by the first noun or participle." 

So, where Titus 2:13 may read in the King James Bible: "the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ" Granville Sharp's Rule suggests it should read "the great God and Saviour Jesus Christ."

Criticisms appeared early on, even within his ranks. Early critic Calvin Winstanley concluded that "his biggest criticisms of Sharp's rule rest in the fact that 1) the early church fathers do not follow it and 2) the early church father's never invoked this rule to prove the divinity of Christ (though it would have been an obvious tool against such heresy)."

200 years later Granville Sharp's Rule is still debated:

"In 1798, the amateur theologian Granville Sharp published a book in which he argued that when there are two nouns of the same form ('case') joined by 'and' (kai), only the first of which has the article, the nouns are identified as the same thing. Close examination of this much used 'rule' shows it to be a fiction concocted by a man who had a theological agenda in creating it, namely, to prove that the verses we are examining in this chapter called Jesus 'God.'"

Jason BeDuhn, Truth in Translation

I came across this interesting comment on B-Greek: "I've followed...in wonderment at the level of interest in formulating rules with respect to theologically sensitive verses. I submit that one needs to be cautious with respect to any proposed 'rule,' especially when it is a theologically sensitive verse, including Sharp's 'rule' and Colwell's 'rule'. For example, we've seen Colwell's 'definite rule' rise to great heights of popularity in its application to John 1:1 only to wane in recent decades in favor of 'qualitativeness,' which is debatable itself.

http://www.ibiblio.org/bgreek/test-archives/html4/2000-10/2576.html

For more on Sharp's Rule go to:

http://jehovah.to/exe/discussion/more_1.htm

GRANVILLE SHARP'S RULE: A RESPONSE TO DAN WALLACE, OR WHY A CRITICAL BOOK REVIEW SHOULD BE LEFT ALONE STANLEY E. PORTER

https://www.etsjets.org/files/JETS-PDFs/56/56-1/JETS_56-1_93-100_Porter.pdf

Sharp's Rule and its Exceptions

https://newworldtranslation.blogspot.com/2019/07/sharps-rule-and-its-exceptions.html

Georg Benedikt Winer on Granville Sharp's Rule

https://newworldtranslation.blogspot.com/2018/06/georg-benedikt-winer-on-granville.html

the piles of exceptions to try to shore up the rule

https://purebibleforum.com/index.php?threads/the-piles-of-exceptions-to-try-to-shore-up-the-rule.1513/

The Granville Sharp Rule EXPOSED

http://www.trinityexamined.com/the-granville-sharp-rule-exposed/

Is Jesus God in Titus 2.13?

https://www.patheos.com/blogs/kermitzarleyblog/2017/06/jesus-god-titus-2-13/

The Construction of Titus 2:13 by Ezra Abbot

https://newworldtranslation.blogspot.com/2017/10/the-construction-of-titus-213-by-ezra.html

What has the Trinity Done to Our Bible?

https://newworldtranslation.blogspot.com/2018/01/what-has-trinity-done-to-our-bible.html

And the Word was a god: A New Book on the Most Disputed Text in the New Testament - John 1:1  and The Dark History of the Trinity, is now available on Amazon by clicking here...and both are only 99 cents

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The Cruel Execution of Michael Servetus on This Day in History

 

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This Day in History: Michael Servetus was burned at the stake just outside Geneva on this day in 1553. Servetus was a Spanish theologian, physician, cartographer, and Renaissance humanist. He was the first European to correctly describe the function of pulmonary circulation, as discussed in Christianismi Restitutio (1553). He was a polymath versed in many sciences: mathematics, astronomy and meteorology, geography, human anatomy, medicine and pharmacology, as well as jurisprudence, translation, poetry and the scholarly study of the Bible in its original languages.

He is renowned in the history of several of these fields, particularly medicine. He participated in the Protestant Reformation, but because he rejected the doctrine of the Trinity, he was condemned as a heretic and had to die. Many men throughout history held similar theological and christological views, such as Milton, John Locke, Isaac Newton and Thomas Jefferson to name but a few, but these men never had to go up against John Calvin. As John Scott Porter wrote in 1853 "the great Reformer [Calvin], who, from a window, beheld him dragged to execution, was so overjoyed at the spectacle that he burst into an irrepressible fit of laughter; and even at the distance of eleven years, in writing to a friend, he avowed and gloried in the deed. “Servetum, canem illum latrantem compescui!”. —“I quelled,” he says, “Servetus, that barking dog!”

His painful death is described by Edward Henry Hall thusly: "Never, in the annals of the Inquisition, was the death of a heretic surrounded by more horror, or attended by less magnanimity or more vindictiveness on the part of the executioners. The pile was erected on an eminence outside the city. Servetus was bound to the stake by an iron chain, with a heavy cord around his neck, the fagots were of green oak-branches with the leaves still on. So heart-rending were his cries, as the slow fires crept around him, that the bystanders ran for dry wood to cast upon the flames; and after a half-hour of frightful agony, he expired."

Calvin: “Servetus, that barking dog!

See also: The Murder of Michael Servetus by John Calvin, 50 PDF Books to download

The Persecution of Michael Servetus by Charles McRae 1892

Catholic Scholar Erasmus on This Day in History

 

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This day in history: Dutch Catholic scholar Desiderius Erasmus died on this day in 1536. Though Erasmus remained Catholic his entire life, his influence was felt greater on the Protestant side of Christianity. His Greek Testaments passed into the Stephanus Greek New Testament in 1551 (the first New Testament in verses), which came to be called the Textus Receptus, and became the basis for the Geneva Bible New Testament in 1557 and the Authorized King James Version in 1611.

There is a disputed controversy concerning one particular Scripture in his New Testament, that of the Johannine Comma (1 John 5:7,8).

It reads in the King James Bible:

"For there are three that bear record (witness) in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one. And there are three that bear witness in earth, the spirit, and the water, and the blood: and these three agree in one."

However, most other Bibles have:

"For there are three that testify: the Spirit and the water and the blood; and these three agree."

Take note of the words that are missing.

Erasmus was attacked for not adding the Comma Johanneum (the Three Heavenly Witnesses). He answered that he had not found the words in any Greek manuscript, including several he examined after publishing his editions. But he unwisely said that he would insert the Comma Johanneum in future editions if a Greek manuscript could be found that contained the spurious passage. Interestingly, one was found, or made, that contained the words. The manuscript was made by a Franciscan friar named Froy(or Roy) in 1520 A.D. Erasmus kept his word and added the passage in his 3rd edition, but he added a long footnote expressing his suspicion that the manuscript had been prepared just so to confute him.

Or at least, that is how the story goes with objections in some quarters.

In one Interrogation of Unitarian Anabaptist Martyr Herman van Vlekwijk, Erasmus' name was brought up repeatedly for promoting Anti-Trinitarianism.

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When Rome Became Catholic on This Day in History

 

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This Day in History: The Edict of Thessalonica (also known as Cunctos populos), issued on 27 February AD 380 by three reigning Roman emperors, made the Catholicism of Nicene Christians in the Great Church the state church of the Roman Empire. It condemned other Christian creeds such as Arianism as heresies of "foolish madmen," and authorized their punishment.

The Edict is as follows: "It is our desire that all the various nations which are subject to our Clemency and Moderation, should continue to profess that religion which was delivered to the Romans by the divine Apostle Peter, as it has been preserved by faithful tradition, and which is now professed by the Pontiff Damasus and by Peter, Bishop of Alexandria, a man of apostolic holiness. According to the apostolic teaching and the doctrine of the Gospel, let us believe in the one deity of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, in equal majesty and in a Holy Trinity. We authorize the followers of this law to assume the title of Catholic Christians; but as for the others, since, in our judgment, they are foolish madmen, we decree that they shall be branded with the ignominious name of heretics, and shall not presume to give to their conventicles the name of churches. They will suffer in the first place the chastisement of the divine condemnation and in the second the punishment of our authority which in accordance with the will of Heaven we shall decide to inflict."

However, it is helpful to know much the church and the state at this time had flip-flopped on the issue of the Trinity doctrine. From wikipedia: "In 313 the emperor Constantine I, together with his eastern counterpart Licinius, issued the Edict of Milan, which granted religious toleration and freedom for persecuted Christians. By 325 Arianism, a school of christology which contended that Christ did not possess the divine essence of the Father but was rather a primordial creation and an entity subordinate to God, had become sufficiently widespread and controversial in Early Christianity that Constantine called the Council of Nicaea in an attempt to end the controversy by establishing an empire-wide, i.e., 'ecumenical' orthodoxy. The council produced the original text of the Nicene Creed, which rejected the Arian confession and upheld that Christ is 'true God' and 'of one essence with the Father.'"

However, the strife within the Church did not end with Nicaea, and the Nicene credal formulation remained contentious even among anti-Arian churchmen. Constantine, while urging tolerance, began to think that he had come down on the wrong side, and that the Nicenes—with their fervid, reciprocal persecution of Arians—were actually perpetuating strife within the Church. Constantine was not baptized until he was near death (337), choosing a bishop moderately sympathetic to Arius, Eusebius of Nicomedia, to perform the baptism.

Constantine's son and successor in the eastern empire, Constantius II was partial to the Arian party, and even exiled pro-Nicene bishops. Constantius' successor Julian (later called "The Apostate") was the only emperor after the conversion of Constantine to reject Christianity, attempting to fragment the Church and erode its influence by encouraging a revival of religious diversity, calling himself a "Hellene" and supporting forms of Hellenistic religion. He championed the traditional religious cultus of Rome as well as Judaism, and furthermore declared toleration for all the various unorthodox Christian sects and schismatic movements. Julian's successor Jovian, a Christian, reigned for only eight months and never entered the city of Constantinople. He was succeeded in the east by Valens, an Arian.

By 379, when Valens was succeeded by Theodosius I, Arianism was widespread in the eastern half of the Empire, while the west had remained steadfastly Nicene. Theodosius, who had been born in Hispania, was himself a Nicene Christian and very devout. In August, his western counterpart Gratian promoted persecution of heretics in the west."

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A timeline may be also be helpful to understand the confusion:

325 AD - Constantine convenes the Council of Nicaea in order to develop a statement of faith that can unify the church. The Nicene Creed is written, declaring that "the Father and the Son are of the same substance" (homoousios). Emperor Constantine who was also the high priest of the pagan religion of the Unconquered Sun presided over this council.

At the end of this council, Constantine sided with Athanasius (the chief defender of Trinitarianism) over Arius (the anti-Trinitarian who defended the position that the Son was subordinate to the Father) and exiled Arius to Illyria.

328 AD - Athanasius becomes bishop of Alexandria.

328 AD - Constantine recalls Arius from Illyria.

335 AD - Constantine now sides with Arius and exiles Athanasius to Trier.

337 AD - A new emperor, Contantius, orders the return of Athanasius to Alexandria.

339 AD - Athanasius flees Alexandria in anticipation of being expelled.

341 AD - Two councils are held in Antioch this year. During this council, the First, Second, and Third Arian Confessions are written, thereby beginning the attempt to produce a formal doctrine of faith to oppose the Nicene Creed.

343 AD - At the Council of Sardica, Eastern Bishops demand the removal of Athanasius.

346 AD - Athanasius is restored to Alexandria.

351 AD - A second anti - Nicene council is held in Sirmium.

353 AD - A council is held at Aries during Autumn that is directed against Athanasius.

355 AD - A council is held in Milan. Athanasius is again condemned.

356 AD - Athanasius is deposed on February 8th, beginning his third exile.

357 AD - Third Council of Sirmium is convened. Both homoousios and homoiousios are avoided as unbiblical, and it is agreed that the Father is greater than His subordinate Son.

359 AD - The Synod of Seleucia is held which affirms that Christ is "like the Father," It does not however, specify how the Son is like the Father.

361 AD - A council is held in Antioch to affirm Arius' positions.

380 AD - Emperor Theodosius the Great declares Christianity the official state religion of the empire.

381 AD - The First Council of Constantinople is held to review the controversy since Nicaea. Emperor Theodosius the Great establishes the creed of Nicaea as the standard for his realm. The Nicene Creed is re-evaluated and accepted with the addition of clauses on the Holy Spirit and other matters.

If you believe that Nicaea just formalized the prevalent teaching of the church, then there really should not have been any conflicts. Why should there be? If it were the established teaching of the church, then you would expect people to either accept it, or not be Christians. It would be like me being a member of the Communist Party. I would join it knowing that they do not believe in the ownership of private property, no conflict. But now, say after I have been a member of the party for a few years, someone decides to introduce a proposal that we allow the ownership of private property, not everyone in the party is going to agree, the result is conflict. This is similar to what happened in the church. It was not the established teaching, and when some faction of the church tried to make it official, the result was major conflict.

It was mainly a theological power grab by certain factions of the church. The major complication throughout all this was that the emperors were involved. At Nicaea it was Constantine that decided the outcome. Then as you can see, we have the flip-flopping of opinion with the result that Athanasius is exiled and recalled depending on who is in power. We even have in 357 AD the declaration that homoousios and homoiousios are unbiblical, and that the Father is greater than His subordinate Son.

This is 180 degrees from Nicaea. It is definitely not the Trinitarian formula.

In 380 AD Emperor Thedosius declares Christianity the state religion. One can come to the conclusion that whichever way Theodosius favors, that is the way in which it is going to end. This is exactly what happened next.

In 381 AD the struggle was finally ended by the current emperor, Theodosius the Great, who favored the Nicene position. Just like at Nicaea, the EMPEROR again decided it. The emperors were dictating the theology of the church.

The big difference now was that there was not going to be any more changing sides. It was now the state religion. You cannot make Christianity the state religion and then change its beliefs every few years. It would undermine its credibility as the true faith. The Trinity was now the orthodox position, and the state was willing to back it up. Debates however, would continue for years to come. JB

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100 Old Testament Bible Commentaries to Download (Torah, Psalms, Prophets etc)

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Contents:

A New Commentary on Genesis, Volume 1 by Franz Delitzsch 1889

A New Commentary on Genesis, Volume 2 by Franz Delitzsch 1889

A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Genesis by John Skinner 1910

A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the book of Exodus by James Murphy 1881

Commentary on the Pentateuch by Otto von Gerlach 1860

A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Leviticus with a New Translation by James Murphy 1874

A Critical and Exegetical commentary on Numbers by G Gray 1903

Commentary on the book of Deuteronomy by William Jordan 1911

A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Deuteronomy by SR Driver 1895

Homiletical commentary on the book of Joshua by FG Marchant 1879

The Book of Joshua - a critical and expository commentary of the Hebrew text by John Lloyd 1886

A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Judges by George Moore 1895

A Homiletical Commentary on the Book of Judges with Critical and Explanatory notes by JP Millar 1889

The Preacher's Commentary on the Book of Ruth by Walter Baxendale 1884

Biblical Commentary on the Books of Samuel by Carl Keil 1876

Homiletical Commentary on the books of Samuel by William Harris 1884

Commentary on the Books of Kings, Volume 1 by Carl F Keil 1857

Commentary on the Books of Kings, Volume 2 by Carl F Keil 1857

A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the books of Chronicles by Edward Curtis 1910

A Homiletical Commentary on the books of Chronicles by James Wolfendale 1890

A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the books of Ezra and Nehemiah by LW Batten 1913

A Homiletical Commentary on the Book of Ezra with Critical and Explanatory Notes, Illustrations and Indexes by William Jones 1881

Homiletical Commentary on the Book of Nehemiah by William Booth 1880

A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Esther by LB Paton 1908

A Homiletical Commentary on the Book of Esther by W Burrows 1889

Biblical Commentary on the Book of Job, Volume 1 by Franz Delitzsch 1881

Biblical Commentary on the Book of Job, Volume 2 by Franz Delitzsch 1881

Commentary on the book of Job by George Barton 1911

Commentary on the book of Job by Samuel Cox 1885

Commentary Of The Psalms by Emanuel Swedenborg 1910

Commentary On The Psalms by EW Hengstenberg, Volume 1, 1863

Commentary On The Psalms by EW Hengstenberg, Volume 2, 1863

Commentary On The Psalms by EW Hengstenberg, Volume 3, 1863

Commentary on the Psalms, Volume 1 by Heinrich Ewald 1880

Commentary on the Psalms, Volume 2 by Heinrich Ewald 1880

Biblical Commentary on the Proverbs of Solomon, Volume 1 by Franz Delitzsch 1874

Biblical Commentary on the Proverbs of Solomon, Volume 2 by Franz Delitzsch 1874

A Commentary on the book of Proverbs by Moses Stuart 1865

A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Proverbs by CH Toy 1908

A Commentary on Ecclesiastes by Thomas Dale 1873

A Commentary on Ecclesiastes by Moses Stuart 1864

Commentary on Ecclesiastes with other treatises by EW Hengstenberg 1860

A Commentary on the Song of Solomon by George Burrowes 1853

Homiletical Commentary on the Song of Solomon by Thomas Robinson 1877

Biblical Commentary on the Prophecies of Isaiah by Franz Delitzsch 1894

Isaiah Translated and Explained, Volume 1 by JA Alexander 1851

Isaiah Translated and Explained, Volume 2 by JA Alexander 1851

The Books of Jeremiah and Lamentations translated from the original Hebrew with a commentary, critical, philological, and exegetical 1851 by Ebenezer Henderson

The Preacher's Commentary on the book of Jeremiah by Wallace Harvey-Jellie 1888

A Homiletic Commentary on the book of Lamentations by George Barlow 1891

Biblical Commentary on the Prophecies of Ezekiel, Volume 1 by Karl Friedrich Keil 1876

Biblical Commentary on the Prophecies of Ezekiel, Volume 2 by Karl Friedrich Keil 1876

A Homiletical Commentary on the Book of the Prophet Ezekiel by DG Watt 1892

A Commentary upon the Books of Jeremiah and Ezekiel by SR Driver 1871

The Book of Ezekiel translated from the original Hebrew with a commentary, critical, philological, and exegetical by E Henderson 1870

A Commentary on the Book of Daniel by DS Margoliouth 1889

A Commentary on the Book of Daniel by Moses Stuart 1850

A Critical Commentary on the book of Daniel by A Arthur 1893

A Short Commentary on the Book of Daniel by Anthony Bevan 1892

A Homiletical Commentary on the Book of Daniel by Thomas Robinson 1892

A Critical Commentary on the book of Daniel by John Prince 1899

A Commentary on the books of Amos, Hosea, and Micah by JM Powis Smith 1914

A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Amos and Hosea by William Harper 1910

A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Micah, Zephaniah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Obadiah and Joel by JM Powis Smith 1910

A Commentary or Exposition upon the Prophecy of Obadiah and A commentary or exposition upon the prophecy of Habakkuk by Edward Marbury 1865

A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi and Jonah by HGT Mitchell 1912

Micah Commentary by Max L Margolis 1908

A Commentary on the prophecy of Habakkuk by James Kennedy 1896

A Commentary on the prophecy of Zephaniah by James Kennedy 1900

Rabbi David Kimchi's Commentary upon the prophecies of Zechariah 1837

The Hebrew Student's Commentary on Zechariah by WH Lowe 1882

Zechariah and his Prophecies, considered in relation to Modern Criticism with a critical and grammatical commentary and new translation by Charles Wright 1879

A Commentary upon the Prophesy of Malachi by Richard Stock 1865

The Book of the 12 Minor prophets : translated from the original Hebrew, with a commentary, critical, philological, and exegetical by E Henderson 1845

The Minor Prophets, with a Commentary, Explanatory and Practical by EB Pusey 1869

The Minor Prophets, with a Commentary, Explanatory and Practical by EB Pusey 1888 Volume 2

Commentary on the Prophets of the Old Testament by Georg Ewald Volume 1, 1875

Commentary on the Prophets of the Old Testament by Georg Ewald Volume 2, 1875

Commentary on the Prophets of the Old Testament by Georg Ewald Volume 3, 1875

Commentary on the Prophets of the Old Testament by Georg Ewald Volume 4, 1875

Commentary on the Prophets of the Old Testament by Georg Ewald Volume 5, 1875

A Critical Commentary and Paraphrase on the Old and New Testament and the Apocrypha by John R Pitman Volume 1, 1822

A Critical Commentary and Paraphrase on the Old and New Testament and the Apocrypha by John R Pitman Volume 2, 1822

A Critical Commentary and Paraphrase on the Old and New Testament and the Apocrypha by John R Pitman Volume 3, 1822

A Critical Commentary and Paraphrase on the Old and New Testament and the Apocrypha by John R Pitman Volume 4, 1822

A Critical Commentary and Paraphrase on the Old and New Testament and the Apocrypha by John R Pitman Volume 5, 1822

A Critical Commentary and Paraphrase on the Old and New Testament and the Apocrypha by John R Pitman Volume 6, 1822

Christology of the Old Testament by Ernst Hegstenberg, Volume 1, 1836

Christology of the Old Testament by Ernst Hegstenberg, Volume 2, 1836

Theology of the Old Testament, Volume 1 by Gustav Oehler 1874

Theology of the Old Testament, Volume 2 by Gustav Oehler 1874

Theology of the Old Testament by C. Piepenbring 1893

Outlines of Old Testament theology by Charles Burney 1899

Biblical Theology of the Old Testament by RF Weidner 1896

The Theology of the Old Testament by AB Davidson 1907

Studies in Old Testament Theology by John Adams 1909

Old Testament Theology - The History of Hebrew Religion, Volume 1 by A Duff 1891

Old Testament Theology - The History of Hebrew Religion, Volume 2 by A Duff 1891

Old testament Theology - The religion of revelation in its pre-Christian stage of development by Hermann Schultz, Volume 1, 1892

Old testament Theology - The religion of revelation in its pre-Christian stage of development by Hermann Schultz, Volume 2, 1892

200 Books to Download on the Trinity Doctrine Debate

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Contents (created on a Windows computer):

Some Burning Questions Pertaining to the Messiahship of Jesus and Christology, Why Jews do not accept them by Louis Weiss 1904

The Divinity of Jesus Christ: An Exposition by Egbert Coffin Smyth 1893

God Incarnate by HT Kingdon 1890

Jesus Christ Our Lord, an English bibliography of Christology comprising over 5000 titles annotated and classified by SG Ayres 1906

The divinity of Our Lord by George Funkhouser 1902

The Person of Christ, the Perfection of his Humanity Viewed as a Proof of his Divinity by Philip Schaff 1880

What is the truth about Jesus Christ? Problems of Christology by Friedrich Loofs 1913

Christology, a Discourse Concerning Christ by Robert Felming Volume 1 1705

Christology, a Discourse Concerning Christ by Robert Felming Volume 2 1705

The Glory of Christ as God-Man by Isaac Watts 1795

Jesus Christ God-Man by John Guyse 1719

Isaac Newton on the Problem with 1 Timothy 3:16 and 1 John 5:7

Christ in type and Prophecy by Anthony Maas 1893

How is the Divinity of Jesus depicted in the Gospels and Epistles by Thomas Whitelaw 1883

The Divinity of Christ by Emile Bougaud 1901

The Divinity Of Christ by Edward Ames 1911

The Divinity Of Christ by Joseph Rickaby 1906

The Doctrine of the Person of Jesus Christ by Hugh Ross MacKintosh 1912

The Humiliation of Christ by A.Bruce 1876

Belief in the Divinity of Jesus Christ by Rev. Didon 1894

St. John the author of the fourth Gospel by C.E. Luthardt 1875

The Divinity Of Christ by A.T. Robertson

Short Reasons for Belief in the Divinity of Christ by a Lady of Title 1843

Summa Theologica Volume 1 by St Thomas Aquinas

Summa Theologica Volume 2 by St Thomas Aquinas

Summa Theologica Volume 3 by St Thomas Aquinas

Summa Theologica Volume 4 by St Thomas Aquinas

The Kenotic Theory by Francis Hall 1898

A Vindication of the Divinity of Jesus Christ by John Baillie 1789

An Appeal to the New Testament in proof of the Divinity of the Son of God by Charles Hawtrey 1794

The Scripture Doctrine of the Divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ by John Mitchel 1828

Jehovah-Jesus: The Oneness of God: the True Trinity by Robert D Weeks - 1880

Jehovah-Jesus by Thomas Whitelaw - 1913

The Doctrine of the Holy Trinity, and the manner of our Saviour's Divinity, as they are held in the Catholic Church and the Church of England by Stephen Nye 1701

Why God became Man by Leslie Walker 1921

An Examination of Mr. Robinson of Cambridge's Plea for the Divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ by T. Lindsey 1785

The Safe Side, a Theistic Refutation of the Divinity of Christ by Richard Mitchel 1893

Jehovah-Jesus: Scripture studies of seven sayings of our Lord in the Gospel by Alexander Macleod Symington - 1876

Jehovah Elohim. Trinitarian and unitarian sermons by Edward John Turnour - 1831

Remarks on the uses of the definitive article in the Greek text of the New Testament By Granville Sharp

A Vindication of Certain Passages - an Address to Granville Sharp by Calvin Winstanley

1 JOHN V. 7 AND LUTHER’S GERMAN BIBLE By Ezra Abbot [From the Christian Intelligencer for May 15, 1879]

ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF TITUS II. 13 by Ezra Abbot 1881

ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROMANS IX. 5. by Ezra Abbot

Ezra Abbot on Acts 20:28

A discussion among upwards of 250 theological inquirers by Ranley 1864
"REV. J. SUCKLING. Has anyone, Mr. Chairman, yet broached the Three heavenly Witnesses? What can the Unitarians make of that formidable and unanswerable Text ?
Chairman, The Three heavenly Witnesses have not been introduced, Mr. Suckling; though, of course, familiar to all present.
SUCKLING. Well then, I put it to the Unitarians to say, what possesses them, to deny the Trinity of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, so plainly made known in the New testament.
REV. H. BROOKE. I peremptorily deny, that any mention whatever is made of the incongruous Trinity in the Bible ; I also deny that any mention is made in the New testament of the so called Three heavenly Witnesses, to which Mr. Suckling so confidently alludes.
SUCKLING. Do you hear that, Mr. Chairman ?
Chairman. Yes, Sir; distinctly.
SUCKLING. Why, Sir, it is the very cornerstone of the rock of my faith! I rest my belief of the holy Trinity, on that very foundation; on that very emphatic text.
MR. S.WESLEY. Then, we shall soon make aUnitarian of you, Mr. Suckling; for, instead of rock, you will find your foundation is resting on sand, which we shall speedily wash away from under you. [Hear, hear!]
SUCKLING. My foundation, Sir, rests on God's own Word —
There are Three that bear record in heaven ; the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these Three are One".
This text is my proof, my incontestible proof, of the holy, blessed, and glorious Trinity; "which Faith, except one do keep whole and undefiled, without doubt, he shall perish everlastingly!"
G. CANNING, ESQ. I hope not, Mr. Suckling ; as I can never again believe in the Trinity, be the peril what it may. Happily, no mention is made of your pagan Trinity in either the Jewish or Christian scriptures; nor does any such popish and self-contradictory text as you pretend to quote, form part or parcel of the New covenant — the Christian's special guide. I presume,
Mr. Chairman, the reason for its not having been brought forward at an earlier stage of the Discussion, arose from the general conviction among our Trinitarian friends, that the passage is spurious — an interpolation, abominable falsification of the Scriptures, not to be found in any accredited Manuscript; a gross imposition on the credulity of mankind! and I trust Mr. Suckling may be the only religious Instructor present, who attaches any importance to the heterogeneous and foolish words."

The Creative Christ - a Study of the Incarnation in terms of Modern Thought by Edward Drown 1922

The Divinity of Our Lord Jesus Christ from Pascal 1898

Bible Doctrine: A Treatise on the Great Doctrines of the Bible, Pertaining by Daniel Kauffman 1914

The Corruptions of the New Testament by Horace Lorenzo Hastings 1884

The Divinity of Our Lord & Saviour Jesus Christ Demonstratively Proved by MD Talbot 1843

The Divinity of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ: Eight Lectures by Henry Liddon 1884

The Christ, the Evidence of His Divinity Reviewed from the Standpoint of a Lawyer by Thomas Jerome 1917

Christ the Divine Man, or Deity Veiled by Edward Heaton 1880

History of the Dogma of the Deity of Jesus Christ by Albert Réville 1905

Our Lord, Belief in the Deity of Christ 1908 by E.F. Karl Muller

Studies in John's Gospel - the Gospel of Christ's Deity by David Gregg 1891

A Vindication of the Doctrine of Scripture Concerning the Deity of Christ by John Jamieson 1794 Volume 2

The Mormon Doctrine of Deity by Brigham Henry Roberts

Is Jesus God? by B.B. Warfield 1912

The Deity of Jesus Christ Essential to the Christian Religion by Jacques Abbadie 1777

Letters on the Trinity and on the Divinity of Christ by Moses Stuart 1834

The Suffering-Man-God or The divinity of Jesus Christ resplendent in His sufferings by Father Seraphin 1905

A Series of Sermons on the Divinity of Christ by Thomas Robbins 1820

The Divinity of Our Lord Jesus Christ Asserted and Proved by Sinclare Kelburn 1795

Twelve Lectures on the Acts of the Apostles to which is added a new edition of Five Lectures on the Gospel of St. John as bearing testimony to the Divinity of Jesus Christ 1828

Contributions to Christology by Emmanuel Bonavia 1869

Some Thoughts on Christology by James Drummond 1902

The Christology of Jesus by James Stalker 1899

Christology of the Old Testament by Ernst Wilhelm Hegstenberg Volume 1 1836

Christology of the Old Testament by Ernst Wilhelm Hegstenberg Volume 2 1836

Christology of the Old Testament by Ernst Wilhelm Hegstenberg Volume 3 1836

Christology, a dogmatic treatise on the Incarnation by Rev. Joseph Pohle 1913

The Incarnation - a study of Philippians 2:5-11 by EH Gifford and Henry Wace 1911

The Christology in the Apostolic Fathers by Alonzo Stark 1912

The Pre-existence of Jesus Christ as declared in the Old and New Testament by Joseph Alderson 1832

Does Hellenism Contribute Constituent Elements to Paul's Christology by John Bailey 1905

Outline of New Testament Christology, a Study of Genetic Relationships within the Christology of the New Testament Period by John Granbery 1909

The Christology of St. Paul by S. Nowell Rostron 1912

A Critical History of the Evolution of Trinitarianism, and its Outcome in the New Christology by Levi Paine 1900

Christology and Personality by William Sanday 1911

The True Divinity of Jesus Christ by John Barnard 1761

A Seal upon the Lips of Unitarians, Trinitarians who refuse to acknowledge the sole, Supreme, and Exclusive Divinity of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ by Robert Hindmarsh 1815

Tracts in Controversy with Dr. Priestley upon the Historical Question of the belief of the first ages in Our Lord's Divinity by Samuel Horsley 1789

The Soteriology of the New Testament by William Dubose 1892

The Divinity of the Son of God Defended by John Claggett 1719

Jesus Christ, the Word Incarnate - Considerations from St Thomas Aquinas 1904

God as Triune, Creator, Incarnate, Atoner by William Gairdner 1916

The Doctrine of the Incarnation by Robert L. Ottley 1896

The Philosophy of the Incarnation by Bishop Garrett 1891

The Philosophy of the Fourth Gospel, a Study of the Logos-doctrine by JS Johnston 1909

St. Athanasius on the Incarnation 1891

Dissertations on Subjects Connected with the Incarnation by Charles Gore 1907

On the Incarnation of the Eternal Word by Marcus Dods 1831

Emmanuel or The incarnation of the Son of God the foundation of Immutable Truth Michael Ferrebee Sadler 1879

Lux Mundi: A Series of Studies in the Religion of the Incarnation by Charles Gore 1890

The Christian View of God and the World as Centring in the Incarnation by James Orr 1893

The One Christ - an Enquiry into the manner of the Incarnation by Frank Weston 1907

The Incarnation of the Lord by Charles Briggs 1902

The Epistle to the Hebrews: The Greek Texts with Notes and Essays by B.F. Westcott 1892
Great discussion of the LOGOS and prefers the translation "God is thy throne" at Hebrews 1:8. p.24

Who was Jesus by Redford Watkinson 1867

Moses and Christ: The plan of the World's Salvation illustrated by Bible Allegories 1888 by John H Paton

Jesus as Abaddon by Heinz Schmitz

A Reply to Dr Ralph Wilson - Jesus as the Archangel Michael by Heinz Schmitz

The Angel of the Lord: Manifestations of Christ in the Old Testament by William Pakenham Walsh 1876

Arius Slain and Socinus mortally wounded: by scripturally proving a plurality of persons in the Godhead, that Jesus Christ has all the divine names applied to him, and that he is essentially Christ, the wisdom and the power of the Godhead 1792 by Captain Tomlin

Arius the Libyan; a romance of the primitive church by Nathan Chapman Kouns 1914

The Arian movement in England (1913) by James Hay Colligan

The True Scripture doctrine of the holy and ever-blessed Trinity, stated and defended, in opposition to the Arian scheme 1727 by Abraham Taylor

An Impartial View of the Principal Difficulties that affect the Trinitarian, or clog the Arian, scheme, 1721, by Joseph Pyke

A Treatise proving the proper Divinity of Christ: in which the doctrine of the Scriptures, touching that grand Article of faith, is impartially considered; the chief objections against it answered; and the principal texts of the Scripture urged by the Arian and Socinian, are examined; first delivered in five sermons by Aaron Pitt 1719

Select treatises of Saint Athanasius in controversy with the Arians 1900 Volume 1

Select treatises of Saint Athanasius in controversy with the Arians 1842 Volume 2

Select treatises of Saint Athanasius in controversy with the Arians 1842 Volume 8

Select treatises of Saint Athanasius in controversy with the Arians 1842 Volume 19

The Divinity of the Son of God defended, or a solution of Mr. Chubb's sophisms, and a detection of the blasphemies and absurdities contained in his observations on a book entituled, Arianism anatomized: with a full and clear refutation of all the arguments contained in the same observations, and in his supremacy asserted by John Claggett 1719

The Socinian Controversy Discuss'd : wherein the chief of the Socinian tracts (publish'd of late years here) are consider'd by Leslie Charles 1708

Discourses on the principal points of the Socinian controversy by Ralph Wardlaw 1815

Some account of the Council of Nicea, in connexion with the life of Athanasius by John Kaye 1853

Is God a trinity? by the Rev. John Miller 1922

The Nicene Creed by A. E. Burn 1909

A Short Explanation of the Nicene Creed, for the use of Persons Beginning the Study of Theology by A.P. Forbes 1852

The Nicene and Apostles' Creeds: their Literary History: together with an account of the growth and reception of the sermon on the faith, commonly called "The Creed of St. Athanasius" by C.A. Swainson 1875

Faith in the Holy Trinity, the Doctrine of the Gospel, and Sabellian Unitarianism shewn to be "The God-denying Apostacy": in a connected series of letters By William Hales 1818

The Catholic Doctrine of a Trinity
TO "WHICH IS ADDED, A LETTER TO THE COMMON PEOPLE, or ANSWER TO SOME POPULAR ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE TRINITY.
by William Jones 1838

The Scripture-doctrine of the Trinity: In Three Parts by Samuel Clarke 1712

The importance of the doctrine of the Holy Trinity asserted, inreply to some late pamphlets by Daniel Waterland 1800

The Ethnic Trinities and Their Relations to the Christian Trinity by Levi Leonard Paine 1901

A Scriptural Defence of the Doctrine of the Trinity: Or a Check to Modern Arianism by Hiram Mattison 1848

Visual Representations of the Trinity: An Historical Survey by John Brainerd MacHarg 1917

An Essay on the Doctrine of the Trinity: Attempting to Prove it by Reason by James Kidd 1815 (first 570 pages)
 
The Divine Trinity: A Dogmatic Treatise by Joseph Pohle, Arthur Preuss 1911

An Unpublished Essay of Edwards on the Trinity by Jonathan Edwards, George Park Fisher 1903

Questions Awakened by the Bible: Are Souls Immortal? Was Christ in Adam" Is God a Trinity? by John Miller 1877

The Scriptural Doctrine of the Trinity by M W Alford 1842

The Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity Vindicated: In Opposition to Mr. Watts by Abraham Taylor 1728

The Trinity and the Incarnation by Richard Acland Armstrong 1904

Biblical Trinity by Theophilus 1850
 
Trinitarian Sermons Preached to a Unitarian Congregation by William Leonard Gage 1859

A New Plea for the Authenticity of the Text of the Three Heavenly Witnesses
by Charles Forster, Richard Porson 1867

A Defense of the Nicene creed by George Bull, Edward Burton 1852 (Volume 2)

The most holy Trinity by Ebenezer Soper 1853

Critical Essays by Ezra Abbot

Concessions of Trinitarians being a Selection of Extracts from the Writings of the Most Eminent Biblical Critics and Commentators, by John Wilson, (1842)

Statement of Reasons for Not Believing the Doctrines of Trinitarians concerning the Nature of God and the Person of Christ (1886) by Andrews Norton (1786-1853).

God the Invisible King by H.G. Wells (Anti-Trinity) in .txt format

AN APPEAL TO PIOUS TRINITARIANS BY HENRY GREW (1857) in .txt format (works well in wordpad and most text editors)

Seven Conversations on the Trinity (between a Jehovah's Witness minister and a Trinitarian Christian (searchable pdf format)

The Biblical Doctrine of the Trinity by Benjamin B. Warfield (in .txt format, works well in Wordpad)

Studies of Arianism by Henry Melville Gwatkin MA, 1900, 170 page book in djvu format

The following books have different interpretations of John 1:1:

Contents:

A Calm Inquiry Into the Scripture Doctrine Concerning the Person of Christ
by Thomas Belsham - 1817 - 337 pages

Newcome's corrected New Testament 1808

Johannes Greber New Testament

Hermann Heinfetter's New Testament
"In commencing this dispensation, the commans was existing, yet the command was with the God, as the command had relation to a God.

A Critical History of the Evolution of Trinitarianism: And Its Outcome in the New Christology
by Levi Leonard Paine- 1900 - 380 pages
 
Unitarianism the Doctrine of the Gospel: A View of the Scriptural Grounds of ...
by Lant Carpenter

Antitrinitarian Biography: Or, Sketches of the Lives and Writings of ...
by Robert Wallace - Unitarian Universalist churches - 1850

St. Matthew's gospel, with the parallel passages in the other evangelists ... - Page 331
edited by James Stark - 1878
The correct translation is: ' In a beginning was the Word, and the Word was WITH
THE GOD, and the Word WAS A GOD ; he was in a beginning WITH THE GOD. ...
 
The Four Gospels Translated from the Greek, with Preliminary Dissertations
by George Campbell - 1837
Others maintain that QEOS here should be translated "a God was the word.'

The Freewill Baptist Quarterly - 1866
We open to John 1: 1—5, and copy the word for word translation:—"In a beginning
was the word, and the word was with the God, and a God was the word. ...
 
What is the Truth about Jesus Christ?: Problems of Christology
by Friedrich Loofs - 1913 - 235 pages

Discourses on the Principal Points of the Socinian Controversy
by Ralph Wardlaw - 1828 - 550 pages

One God in One Person Only: And Jesus Christ a Being Distinct from God
by John Sherman - 1805 - 190 pages

Unitarianism Defined: The Scripture Doctrine of the Father, Son and Holy Ghost
by Frederick Augustus Farley  1860 - 260 pages

A Discourse on Denying the Lord Jesus.
by Bernard Whitman - 1827
In fact, there can be but one Archangel, that is, one head messenger, and who
dare to say that Jesus Christ is not the head messenger ? ...

The Testament of Jesus
by Edward Vaughan Hyde Kenealy - 1901 - 140 pages
16 John answered them, saying, In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was
a God, and the Word was the sacred Spirit of God. ...

The English Works of Raja Rammohun Roy: With an English Translation of ... - Page 831
by Rammohun Roy- 1906 - 978 pages
1, " the word was a God" ? We may, however, easily account for this inconsistency.
The term " God " in, Exodus is applied to Moses, the notion of whose ...

The Following Books are about Unitarianism:

The Unitarian (periodical) 1834

Old and New Unitarian Belief by John White Chadwick, 1894 - 246 pages

Unitarian Principles Confirmed by Trinitarian Testimonies
by Octavius Brooks Frothingham, John Wilson - 1880 - 588 pages

The Unitarian Review
edited by Charles Lowe, Henry Wilder Foote, John Hopkins Morison, Henry H. Barber, James De Normandie, Joseph Henry Allen - 1875

Unitarian Thought by Ephraim Emerton - 1911 - 309 pages

The Unitarian Miscellany and Christian Monitor
by Jared Sparks, Francis William Pitt Greenwood - Unitarianism - 1824
 
The Unitarian Review and Religious Magazine by Charles Lowe, Henry Wilder Foote, John Hopkins Morison, Henry H. Barber, James De Normandie - 1874

Ezra Stiles Gannett, Unitarian Minister in Boston, 1824-1871: A Memoir by William Channing Gannett - 1893 - 564 pages

The Unitarian: A Monthly Magazine of Liberal Christianity
edited by Jabez Thomas Sunderland, Brooke Herford, Frederick B. Mott - 1897

American Unitarianism, Or, A Brief History of the Progress and Present State of the Unitarian Church
by Thomas Belsham, James Freeman, William Wells - 1816

Our Unitarian Gospel by Minot Judson Savage - 1898 - 282 pages

Tracts of the American Unitarian Association
by American Unitarian Association - 1834
A collection of essays by different authors from the Tracts of the American Unitarian Association, 11th series and miscellaneous series (1827- )

An Historical Sketch of the Unitarian Movement Since the Reformation
by Joseph Henry Allen - 1894 - 242 pages

Manual of Unitarian Belief by James Freeman Clarke, Kate Gannett Wells - Unitarianism - 1906 - 64 pages

Manual of Unitarian Belief
by James Freeman Clarke, Kate Gannett Wells - Unitarianism - 1906 - 64 pages

Early Sources of English Unitarian Christianity
by Gaston Bonet-Maury, Edward Potter Hall - 1884 - 291 pages

Unitarian Affirmations: Seven Discourses Given in Washington, D.C.
by Frederic Henry Hedge - 1879 - 175 pages

Popular Objections to Unitarian Christianity Considered and Answered
by George Washington Burnap - 1848 - 166 pages

The Year-book of the Unitarian Congregational Churches by American Unitarian Association - 1892

An History of Early Opinions Concerning Jesus Christ: Compiled from Original Writers proving that the Christian Church was at first Unitarian
by Joseph Priestley - 1786

American Unitarian Biography: Memoirs of Individuals who Have Been In the Cause of Liberal Christianity
edited by William Ware - 1851

The Unitarian Advocate - 1828

Liberal Religious Thought at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century
by William Copeland Bowie - 1901 - 354 pages

Hymns for Church and Home: And Unitarian Service Book - 1903 - 426 pages

Authentic Report of the Discussion on the Unitarian Controversy
by John Scott Porter, Daniel Bagot - 1834 - 203 pages

Remarks on the Unitarian Belief: With a Letter to a Unitarian Friend on the Lord's Supper
by Nehemiah Adams - 1832 - 175 pages
Reviews of On the formation of Christian character and 0utline of Scripture testimony against the Trinity by Henry Ware

An Inquiry Into the Comparative Moral Tendency of Trinitarian and Unitarian Doctrines
by Jared Sparks - 1823 - 418 pages

The Unitarian Advocate and Religious Miscellany - 1831

A Century of Village Unitarianism: Being a History of the Reformed Christian Unitarian Church of Trenton NJ
by Charles Graves - 1904 - 194 pages

A Half-century of the Unitarian Controversy by George Edward Ellis - 1857 - 511 pages

The New Discussion of the Trinity by Frederic Dan Huntington, Thomas Starr King, Orville Dewey, American Unitarian Association - 1860 - 244 pages

Antitrinitarian Biography: Or, Sketches of the Lives and Writings of Distinguished AntiTrinitarians. by Robert Wallace 1850
Some scans reflect the antiquated & timeworn quality of the original.